A 3D imaging sequence with an isotropic resolution of (7 μm) 3 was able to resolve individual cells, and distinguish between cells infected with rhizobia and uninfected cells.
A home-built solenoid RF coil with an inner diameter of 1.5 mm was used to study individual root nodules.
Here, we describe an approach to overcome this challenge by elucidating morphology and the metabolic profile of Medicago truncatula root nodules using Magnetic Resonance (MR) Microscopy, at the highest magnetic field strength (22.3 T) currently available for imaging. Microbe-plant interactions are difficult to investigate in situ due to their intertwined relationship involving morphology and metabolism. Appl Magn Reson 34(3–4):509–522Įllis KJ, Morrison JF (1981) Buffers of constant ionic strength for studying ph-dependent processes.Interactions between plants and the soil’s microbial & fungal flora are crucial for the health of soil ecosystems and food production. Phys Chem Chem Phys 15(24):9800–9807Īrdenkjaer-Larsen JH, Macholl S, Jóhannesson H (2008) Dynamic nuclear polarization with trityls at 1.2 k. Lumata L, Kovacs Z, Sherry AD, Malloy C, Hill S, van Tol J, Yu L, Song L, Merritt ME (2013) Electron spin resonance studies of trityl ox063 at optimal concentration for DNP.
#Mestrenova displaying field strength software#
Naressi A, Couturier C, Castang I, De Beer R, Graveron-Demilly D (2001) Java-based graphical user interface for mrui, a software package for quantitation of in vivo/medical magnetic resonance spectroscopy signals. Sogaard LV, Schilling F, Janich MA, Menzel MI, Ardenkjaer-Larsen JH (2014) In vivo measurement of apparent diffusion coefficients of hyperpolarized (13) c-labeled metabolites. Schilling F, Duwel S, Kollisch U, Durst M, Schulte RF, Glaser SJ, Haase A, Otto AM, Menzel MI (2013) Diffusion of hyperpolarized (13) c-metabolites in tumor cell spheroids using real-time nmr spectroscopy. J Biol Chem 227(1):101–106Īrdenkjaer-Larsen JH, Fridlund B, Gram A, Hansson G, Hansson L, Lerche MH, Servin R, Thaning M, Golman K (2003) Increase in signal-to-noise ratio of >10,000 times in liquid-state nmr. J Nucl Med 51(8):1167–1170ĭeane N, Smith HW (1957) The apparent first dissociation constant, pk1′, of carbonic acid in the human erythrocyte. Zhang X, Lin Y, Gillies RJ (2010) Tumor ph and its measurement. Vaupel P, Kallinowski F, Okunieff P (1989) Blood flow, oxygen and nutrient supply, and metabolic microenvironment of human tumors: a review. Warburg O (1956) On the origin of cancer cells. Magn Reson Med 73(6):2274–2282Īdrogué HJ, Madias NE (1998) Management of life-threatening acid–base disorders. Scholz DJ, Janich MA, Köllisch U, Schulte RF, Ardenkjaer-Larsen JH, Frank A, Haase A, Schwaiger M, Menzel MI (2015) Quantified ph imaging with hyperpolarized 13c-bicarbonate. Schroeder MA, Swietach P, Atherton HJ, Gallagher FA, Lee P, Radda GK, Clarke K, Tyler DJ (2010) Measuring intracellular ph in the heart using hyperpolarized carbon dioxide and bicarbonate: a 13c and 31p magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. Gallagher FA, Kettunen MI, Day SE, Hu D-E, Ardenkjaer-Larsen JH, Rit Zandt, Jensen PR, Karlsson M, Golman K, Lerche MH, Brindle KM (2008) Magnetic resonance imaging of ph in vivo using hyperpolarized 13c-labelled bicarbonate. Lau AZ, Chen AP, Ghugre NR, Ramanan V, Lam WW, Connelly KA, Wright GA, Cunningham CH (2010) Rapid multislice imaging of hyperpolarized 13c pyruvate and bicarbonate in the heart. ConclusionĪn optimized bicarbonate preparation and experimental procedure provided improved T 1 and SNR values, allowing in vitro and in vivo applications. ResultsĪn optimized preparation technique for maximum solubility of 6 mol/L and polarization levels of 19–21 % is presented T 1 and SNR dependency on field strength, buffer capacity, and pH was investigated. Healthy rats were imaged by spectral–spatial spiral acquisition for spatial and temporal bicarbonate distribution, pH mapping, and signal decay analysis. Bicarbonate was prepared and applied in spectroscopy at 1, 3, 14 T using pure dissolution, culture medium, and MCF-7 cell spheroids. Materials and methodsīicarbonate preparation was investigated.
To improve signal-to-noise ratio, experimental procedures were refined, and the influence of pH, buffer capacity, temperature, and field strength were investigated. 13C metabolic MRI using hyperpolarized 13C-bicarbonate enables preclinical detection of pH.
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